Coding and computational thinking

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• Coding and computational thinking

  A card machine connects an input, a rule and an output

  Define a transformation and compare before-and-after values.

• Coding and computational thinking

  A decision tree needs a path for every permitted input

  Ensure each permitted case has a defined next step.

• Coding and computational thinking

  A loop repeats the whole block inside it

  Replace an exactly repeated command block with a stated repeat count.

• Coding and computational thinking

  A program test case names the starting state and expected result

  Specify the input, starting state and expected result.

• Coding and computational thinking

  A repeat-until process needs a reachable stop condition

  Define when repetition ends and ensure the condition can be reached.

• Coding and computational thinking

  A sequence follows order; a conditional selects an action

  Show how a condition changes which command runs.

• Coding and computational thinking

  A shorter symbol message must still be recoverable

  Represent repetition compactly and check that it can be reconstructed.

• Coding and computational thinking

  A symbol message is readable only with its key

  Distinguish the message from the shared mapping used to read it.

• Coding and computational thinking

  A turn changes heading without moving to another square

  Define a turn as changing heading on the same square.

• Coding and computational thinking

  An arrow route is an algorithm only when the commands are clear

  Represent an ordered set of instructions for a defined task.

• Coding and computational thinking

  An event starts an agreed response

  Define a trigger that causes an agreed action.

• Coding and computational thinking

  An if instruction needs a condition the reader can test

  Define a test that selects an action.

• Coding and computational thinking

  An ordered card set permits a different search strategy

  Use an ordered card set to explain why ordering changes available strategies.

• Coding and computational thinking

  Break a robot delivery task into connected subtasks

  Break a broad task into manageable parts with clear outputs.

• Coding and computational thinking

  Debug the first wrong state, not just the final destination

  Locate the first mismatch between intended and actual position.

• Coding and computational thinking

  Debugging language should identify the mismatch

  Describe the mismatch and command rather than labelling the programmer.

• Coding and computational thinking

  Five squares can require only four moves

  Compare required moves with squares counted.

• Coding and computational thinking

  Forward means the way the robot faces

  Separate the token's direction from the reader's viewpoint.

• Coding and computational thinking

  Go over there: let two readers expose the missing instruction

  Show where a command lacks enough detail for consistent execution.

• Coding and computational thinking

  Grid coordinates work when everyone reads them in the same order

  Define a coordinate convention before sending positions.

• Coding and computational thinking

  Look for exact repeated structure before writing a loop

  Identify repeated structure that can simplify instructions.

• Coding and computational thinking

  Name a command block so it can be reused consistently

  Name a sequence once and use that name in a larger program.

• Coding and computational thinking

  Picture codes represent selected information

  Show how agreed symbols can stand for selected information.

• Coding and computational thinking

  Repeat three means three executions in this notation

  Count executions rather than extra copies after the first.

• Coding and computational thinking

  Simplify a route map without deleting what the robot needs

  Keep information needed for navigation and omit irrelevant decoration.

• Coding and computational thinking

  Sorting requires one rule applied all the way through

  Apply the same comparison rule consistently.

• Coding and computational thinking

  Test the value on the boundary of the sorting rule

  Try examples near the rule's boundary.

• Coding and computational thinking

  The same commands can finish differently from different starts

  Show how identical commands can produce different results from different starts.

• Coding and computational thinking

  Toggle and set-on are different instructions

  Track a defined object's current state after each action.

• Coding and computational thinking

  Trace a program through its intermediate states

  Predict intermediate states rather than only the destination.

• Coding and computational thinking

  Two correct routes can be compared by different criteria

  Evaluate different valid solutions against a stated criterion.

• Coding and computational thinking

  Two-state cards need a shared convention

  Use a defined two-state representation without claiming it explains all computing.

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